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Why Gen 3 Out-of-Band Is Your Strategic Weapon in 2025

Mike Sale – Why Gen 3 Out-of-Band is Your Strategic Weapon

I think it’s time to revisit the old school way of thinking about managing and securing IT infrastructure. The legacy use case for OOB is outdated. For the past decade, most IT teams have viewed out-of-band (OOB) as a last resort; an insurance policy for when something goes wrong. That mindset made sense when OOB technology was focused on connecting you to a switch or router.

Technology and the role of IT have changed so much in the last few years. There’s a lot more pressure on IT folks these days! But we get it, and that’s why ZPE’s OOB platform has changed to help you.

At a minimum, you have to ensure system endpoints are hardened against attacks, patch and update regularly, back up and restore critical systems, and be prepared to isolate compromised networks. In other words, you have to make sure those complicated hybrid environments don’t go off the rails and cost your company money. OOB for the “just-in-case” scenario doesn’t cut it anymore, and treating it that way is a huge missed opportunity.

Don’t Be Reactive. Be Resilient By Design.

Some OOB vendors claim they have the solution to get you through installation day, doomsday, and everyday ops. But if I’m candid, ZPE is the only vendor who can live up to this standard.   We do what no one else can do! Our work with the world’s largest, most well-known hyperscale and tech companies proves our architecture and design principles.

This Gen 3 out-of-band (aka Isolated Management Infrastructure) is about staying in control no matter what gets thrown at you.

OOB Has A New Job Description

Out-of-band is evolving because of today’s radically different network demands:

  • Edge computing is pushing infrastructure into hard-to-reach (sometimes hostile) environments.
  • Remote and hybrid ops teams need 24/7 secure access without relying on fragile VPNs.
  • Ransomware and insider threats are rising, requiring an isolated recovery path that can’t be hijacked by attackers.
  • Patching delays leave systems vulnerable for weeks or months, and faulty updates can cause crashes that are difficult to recover from.
  • Automation and Infrastructure as Code (IaC) are no longer nice-to-haves – they’re essential for things like initial provisioning, config management, and everyday ops.

It’s a lot to add to the old “break/fix” job description. That’s why traditional OOB solutions fall short and we succeed. ZPE is designed to help teams enforce security policies, manage infrastructure proactively, drive automation, and do all the things that keep the bad stuff from happening in the first place. ZPE’s founders knew this evolution was coming, and that’s why they built Gen 3 out-of-band.

Gen 3 Out-of-Band Is Your Strategic Weapon

Unlike normal OOB setups that are bolted onto the production network, Gen 3 out-of-band is physically and logically separated via Isolated Management Infrastructure (IMI) approach. That separation is key – it gives teams persistent, secure access to infrastructure without touching the production network.

This means you stay in control no matter what.

Gen 3 out-of-band management uses IMI

Image: Gen 3 out-of-band management takes advantage of an approach called Isolated Management Infrastructure, a fully separate network that guarantees admin access when the main network is down.

Imagine your OOB system helping you:

  • Push golden configurations across 100 remote sites without relying on a VPN.
  • Automatically detect config drift and restore known-good states.
  • Trigger remediation workflows when a security policy is violated.
  • Run automation playbooks at remote locations using integrated tools like Ansible, Terraform, or GitOps pipelines.
  • Maintain operations when production links are compromised or hijacked.
  • Deploy the Gartner-recommended Secure Isolated Recovery Environment to stop an active cyberattack in hours (not weeks).

 

Gen 3 out-of-band is the dedicated management plane that enables all these things, which is a huge strategic advantage. Here are some real-world examples:

  • Vapor IO shrunk edge data center deployment times to one hour and achieved full lights-out operations. No more late-night wakeup calls or expensive on-site visits.
  • IAA refreshed their nationwide infrastructure while keeping 100% uptime and saving $17,500 per month in management costs.
  • Living Spaces quadrupled business while saving $300,000 per year. They actually shrunk their workload and didn’t need to add any headcount.

OOB is no longer just for the worst day. Gen 3 out-of-band gives you the architecture and platform to build resilience into your business strategy and minimize what the worst day could be.

Mike Sale on LinkedIn

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Cloud Repatriation: Why Companies Are Moving Back to On-Prem

Cloud Repatriation

The Shift from Cloud to On-Premises

Cloud computing has been the go-to solution for businesses seeking scalability, flexibility, and cost savings. But according to a 2024 IDC survey, 80% of IT decision-makers expect to repatriate some workloads from the cloud within the next 12 months. As businesses mature in their digital journeys, they’re realizing that the cloud isn’t always the most effective – or economical – solution for every application.

This trend, known as cloud repatriation, is gaining momentum.

Key Takeaways From This Article:

  • Cloud repatriation is a strategic move toward cost control, improved performance, and enhanced compliance.
  • Performance-sensitive and highly regulated workloads benefit most from on-prem or edge deployments.
  • Hybrid and multi-cloud strategies offer flexibility without sacrificing control.
  • ZPE Systems enables enterprises to build and manage cloud-like infrastructure outside the public cloud.

What is Cloud Repatriation?

Cloud repatriation refers to the process of moving data, applications, or workloads from public cloud services back to on-premises infrastructure or private data centers. Whether driven by cost, performance, or compliance concerns, cloud repatriation helps organizations regain control over their IT environments.

Why Are Companies Moving Back to On-Prem?

Here are the top six reasons why companies are moving away from the cloud and toward a strategy more suited for optimizing business operations.

1. Managing Unpredictable Cloud Costs

While cloud computing offers pay-as-you-go pricing, many businesses find that costs can spiral out of control. Factors such as unpredictable data transfer fees, underutilized resources, and long-term storage expenses contribute to higher-than-expected bills.

Key Cost Factors Leading to Cloud Repatriation:

  • High data egress and transfer fees
  • Underutilized cloud resources
  • Long-term costs that outweigh on-prem investments

By bringing workloads back in-house or pushed out to the edge, organizations can better control IT spending and optimize resource allocation.

2. Enhancing Security and Compliance

Security and compliance remain critical concerns for businesses, particularly in highly regulated industries such as finance, healthcare, and government.

Why cloud repatriation boosts security:

  • Data sovereignty and jurisdictional control
  • Minimized risk of third-party breaches
  • Greater control over configurations and policy enforcement

Repatriating sensitive workloads enables better compliance with laws like GDPR, CCPA, and other industry-specific regulations.

3. Boosting Performance and Reducing Latency

Some workloads – especially AI, real-time analytics, and IoT – require ultra-low latency and consistent performance that cloud environments can’t always deliver.

Performance benefits of repatriation:

  • Reduced latency for edge computing
  • Greater control over bandwidth and hardware
  • Predictable and optimized infrastructure performance

Moving compute closer to where data is created ensures faster decision-making and better user experiences.

4. Avoiding Vendor Lock-In

Public cloud platforms often use proprietary tools and APIs that make it difficult (and expensive) to migrate.

Repatriation helps businesses:

  • Escape restrictive vendor ecosystems
  • Avoid escalating costs due to over-dependence
  • Embrace open standards and multi-vendor flexibility

Bringing workloads back on-premises or adopting a multi-cloud or hybrid strategy allows businesses to diversify their IT infrastructure, reducing dependency on any one provider.

5. Meeting Data Sovereignty Requirements

Many organizations operate across multiple geographies, making data sovereignty a major consideration. Laws governing data storage and privacy can vary by region, leading to compliance risks for companies storing data in public cloud environments.

Cloud repatriation addresses this by:

  • Storing data in-region for legal compliance
  • Reducing exposure to cross-border data risks
  • Strengthening data governance practices

Repatriating workloads enables businesses to align with local regulations and maintain compliance more effectively.

6. Embracing a Hybrid or Multi-Cloud Strategy

Rather than choosing between cloud or on-prem, forward-thinking companies are designing hybrid and multi-cloud architectures that combine the best of both worlds.

Benefits of a Hybrid or Multi-Cloud Strategy:

  • Leverages the best of both public and private cloud environments
  • Optimizes workload placement based on cost, performance, and compliance
  • Enhances disaster recovery and business continuity

By strategically repatriating specific workloads while maintaining cloud-based services where they make sense, businesses achieve greater resilience and efficiency.

The Challenge: Retaining Cloud-Like Flexibility On-Prem

Many IT teams hesitate to repatriate due to fears of losing cloud-like convenience. Cloud platforms offer centralized management, on-demand scaling, and rapid provisioning that traditional infrastructure lacks – until now.

That’s where ZPE Systems comes in.

ZPE Systems Accelerates Cloud Repatriation

For over a decade, ZPE Systems has been behind the scenes, helping build the very cloud infrastructures enterprises rely on. Now, ZPE empowers businesses to reclaim that control with:

  • The Nodegrid Services Router platform: Bringing cloud-like orchestration and automation to on-prem and edge environments
  • ZPE Cloud: A unified management layer that simplifies remote operations, provisioning, and scaling

With ZPE, enterprises can repatriate cloud workloads while maintaining the agility and visibility they’ve come to expect from public cloud environments.

How the Nodegrid Net SR isolates and protects the management network.

The Nodegrid platform combines powerful hardware with intelligent, centralized orchestration, serving as the backbone of hybrid infrastructures. Nodegrid devices are designed to handle a wide variety of functions, from secure out-of-band management and automation to networking, workload hosting, and even AI computer vision. ZPE Cloud serves as the cloud-based management and orchestration platform, which gives organizations full visibility and control over their repatriated environments..

  • Multi-functional infrastructure: Nodegrid devices consolidate networking, security, and workload hosting into a single, powerful platform capable of adapting to diverse enterprise needs.
  • Automation-ready: Supports custom scripts, APIs, and orchestration tools to automate provisioning, failover, and maintenance across remote sites.
  • Cloud-based management: ZPE Cloud provides centralized visibility and control, allowing teams to manage and orchestrate edge and on-prem systems with the ease of a public cloud.

Ready to Explore Cloud Repatriation?

Discover how your organization can take back control of its IT environment without sacrificing agility. Schedule a demo with ZPE Systems today and see how easy it is to build a modern, flexible, and secure on-prem or edge infrastructure.

Edge Computing Platforms: Insights from Gartner’s 2024 Market Guide

Interlocking cogwheels containing icons of various edge computing examples are displayed in front of racks of servers

Edge computing allows organizations to process data close to where it’s generated, such as in retail stores, industrial sites, and smart cities, with the goal of improving operational efficiency and reducing latency. However, edge computing requires a platform that can support the necessary software, management, and networking infrastructure. Let’s explore the 2024 Gartner Market Guide for Edge Computing, which highlights the drivers of edge computing and offers guidance for organizations considering edge strategies.

What is an Edge Computing Platform (ECP)?

Edge computing moves data processing close to where it’s generated. For bank branches, manufacturing plants, hospitals, and others, edge computing delivers benefits like reduced latency, faster response times, and lower bandwidth costs. An Edge Computing Platform (ECP) provides the foundation of infrastructure, management, and cloud integration that enable edge computing. The goal of having an ECP is to allow many edge locations to be efficiently operated and scaled with minimal, if any, human touch or physical infrastructure changes.

Before we describe ECPs in detail, it’s important to first understand why edge computing is becoming increasingly critical to IT and what challenges arise as a result.

What’s Driving Edge Computing, and What Are the Challenges?

Here are the five drivers of edge computing described in Gartner’s report, along with the challenges that arise from each:

1. Edge Diversity

Every industry has its unique edge computing requirements. For example, manufacturing often needs low-latency processing to ensure real-time control over production, while retail might focus on real-time data insights to deliver hyper-personalized customer experiences.

Challenge: Edge computing solutions are usually deployed to address an immediate need, without taking into account the potential for future changes. This makes it difficult to adapt to diverse and evolving use cases.

2. Ongoing Digital Transformation

Gartner predicts that by 2029, 30% of enterprises will rely on edge computing. Digital transformation is catalyzing its adoption, while use cases will continue to evolve based on emerging technologies and business strategies.

Challenge: This rapid transformation means environments will continue to become more complex as edge computing evolves. This complexity makes it difficult to integrate, manage, and secure the various solutions required for edge computing.

3. Data Growth

The amount of data generated at the edge is increasing exponentially due to digitalization. Initially, this data was often underutilized (referred to as the “dark edge”), but businesses are now shifting towards a more connected and intelligent edge, where data is processed and acted upon in real time.

Challenge: Enormous volumes of data make it difficult to efficiently manage data flows and support real-time processing without overwhelming the network or infrastructure.

4. Business-Led Requirements

Automation, predictive maintenance, and hyper-personalized experiences are key business drivers pushing the adoption of edge solutions across industries.

Challenge: Meeting business requirements poses challenges in terms of ensuring scalability, interoperability, and adaptability.

5. Technology Focus

Emerging technologies such as AI/ML are increasingly deployed at the edge for low-latency processing, which is particularly useful in manufacturing, defense, and other sectors that require real-time analytics and autonomous systems.

Challenge: AI and ML make it difficult for organizations to determine how to strike a balance between computing power and infrastructure costs, without sacrificing security.

What Features Do Edge Computing Platforms Need to Have?

To address these challenges, here’s a brief look at three core features that ECPs need to have according to Gartner’s Market Guide:

  1. Edge Software Infrastructure: Support for edge-native workloads and infrastructure, including containers and VMs. The platform must be secure by design.
  2. Edge Management and Orchestration: Centralized management for the full software stack, including orchestration for app onboarding, fleet deployments, data storage, and regular updates/rollbacks.
  3. Cloud Integration and Networking: Seamless connection between edge and cloud to ensure smooth data flow and scalability, with support for upstream and downstream networking.

A simple diagram showing the computing and networking capabilities that can be delivered via Edge Management and Orchestration.

Image: A simple diagram showing the computing and networking capabilities that can be delivered via Edge Management and Orchestration.

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How ZPE Systems’ Nodegrid Platform Addresses Edge Computing Challenges

ZPE Systems’ Nodegrid is a Secure Service Delivery Platform that meets these needs. Nodegrid covers all three feature categories outlined in Gartner’s report, allowing organizations to host and manage edge computing via one platform. Not only is Nodegrid the industry’s most secure management infrastructure, but it also features a vendor-neutral OS, hypervisor, and multi-core Intel CPU to support necessary containers, VMs, and workloads at the edge. Nodegrid follows isolated management best practices that enable end-to-end orchestration and safe updates/rollbacks of global device fleets. Nodegrid integrates with all major cloud providers, and also features a variety of uplink types, including 5G, Starlink, and fiber, to address use cases ranging from setting up out-of-band access, to architecting Passive Optical Networking.

Here’s how Nodegrid addresses the five edge computing challenges:

1. Edge Diversity: Adapting to Industry-Specific Needs

Nodegrid is built to handle diverse requirements, with a flexible architecture that supports containerized applications and virtual machines. This architecture enables organizations to tailor the platform to their edge computing needs, whether for handling automated workflows in a factory or data-driven customer experiences in retail.

2. Ongoing Digital Transformation: Supporting Continuous Growth

Nodegrid supports ongoing digital transformation by providing zero-touch orchestration and management, allowing for remote deployment and centralized control of edge devices. This enables teams to perform initial setup of all infrastructure and services required for their edge computing use cases. Nodegrid’s remote access and automation provide a secure platform for keeping infrastructure up-to-date and optimized without the need for on-site staff. This helps organizations move much of their focus away from operations (“keeping the lights on”), and instead gives them the agility to scale their edge infrastructure to meet their business goals.

3. Data Growth: Enabling Real-Time Data Processing

Nodegrid addresses the challenge of exponential data growth by providing local processing capabilities, enabling edge devices to analyze and act on data without relying on the cloud. This not only reduces latency but also enhances decision-making in time-sensitive environments. For instance, Nodegrid can handle the high volumes of data generated by sensors and machines in a manufacturing plant, providing instant feedback for closed-loop automation and improving operational efficiency.

4. Business-Led Requirements: Tailored Solutions for Industry Demands

Nodegrid’s hardware and software are designed to be adaptable, allowing businesses to scale across different industries and use cases. In manufacturing, Nodegrid supports automated workflows and predictive maintenance, ensuring equipment operates efficiently. In retail, it powers hyperpersonalization, enabling businesses to offer tailored customer experiences through edge-driven insights. The vendor-neutral Nodegrid OS integrates with existing and new infrastructure, and the Net SR is a modular appliance that allows for hot-swapping of serial, Ethernet, computing, storage, and other capabilities. Organizations using Nodegrid can adapt to evolving use cases without having to do any heavy lifting of their infrastructure.

5. Technology Focus: Supporting Advanced AI/ML Applications

Emerging technologies such as AI/ML require robust edge platforms that can handle complex workloads with low-latency processing. Nodegrid excels in environments where real-time analytics and autonomous systems are crucial, offering high-performance infrastructure designed to support these advanced use cases. Whether processing data for AI-driven decision-making in defense or enabling real-time analytics in industrial environments, Nodegrid provides the computing power and scalability needed for AI/ML models to operate efficiently at the edge.

Read Gartner’s Market Guide for Edge Computing Platforms

As businesses continue to deploy edge computing solutions to manage increasing data, reduce latency, and drive innovation, selecting the right platform becomes critical. The 2024 Gartner Market Guide for Edge Computing Platforms provides valuable insights into the trends and challenges of edge deployments, emphasizing the need for scalability, zero-touch management, and support for evolving workloads.

Click below to download the report.

Get a Demo of Nodegrid’s Secure Service Delivery

Our engineers are ready to walk you through the software infrastructure, edge management and orchestration, and cloud integration capabilities of Nodegrid. Use the form to set up a call and get a hands-on demo of this Secure Service Delivery Platform.

Data Center Environmental Sensors: Everything You Need to Know

According to a recent Uptime Institute survey, severe outages can cost more than $1 million USD and lead to reputational loss as well as business and customer disruption. Humidity, air particulates, and other problems could shorten the lifetime of critical equipment or cause outages. Unfortunately, much of a business’s critical digital infrastructure and services are housed in remote data centers, making it difficult for busy IT teams to keep eyes on the environmental conditions.

Data center environmental sensors can help teams prevent downtime by monitoring conditions in remote infrastructure deployments and alerting administrators to any problems before they lead to equipment failure. This blog explains how environmental sensors work and describes the ideal environmental monitoring solution for minimizing outages.

How data center environmental sensors reduce downtime

Data center environmental sensors are deployed around the rack, cabinet, or cage to collect information about various conditions that could negatively affect equipment like routers, servers, and switches. 

Mitigating environmental risks with data center environmental sensors

Environmental Risk Description How Environmental Sensors Help
Temperature All data center equipment has an optimal operating temperature range, as well as a max temp threshold above which devices may overheat. Environmental sensors monitor ambient temperatures and trigger automated alerts when it gets too hot or too cold in the data center.
Humidity If the air in the data center gets too humid, moisture may collect on the internal components of devices and cause corrosion, shorts, or other failures. Environmental sensors monitor the relative humidity in the DC and alert administrators when there’s a danger of moisture accumulation.
Fire A fire in the data center could burn equipment, raise the ambient temperature beyond acceptable limits, or activate automatic fire suppression controls that damage devices. Environmental sensors detect the heat and smoke from fires, giving DC teams time to shut down systems before they’re damaged.
Tampering A malicious actor who’s able to get past data center security (such as an inside threat) could potentially tamper with equipment to damage or breach it. Tamper detection sensors alert remote teams when data center cabinet doors are opened or a device is physically moved.
Air Particulates Smoke, ozone, and other air particulates could potentially damage data center infrastructure by oxidizing components or clogging vents. Environmental sensors monitor air quality and automatically alert teams when particulates are detected.

These sensors report back to monitoring software that’s either deployed on-premises in the data center or hosted in the cloud. Administrators use this software to view real-time conditions or to configure automated alerts.

Environmental monitoring sensors help reduce outages by giving remote IT teams advance warning that something is wrong with conditions in the data center, enabling them to potentially fix the problem before any systems go down. However, traditional monitoring solutions suffer from a number of limitations.

  1. They need a stable internet connection to allow remote access, so if there’s an ISP outage or unknown failure, teams lose their ability to monitor the situation.
  2. Many of them use on-premises software that requires administrators to connect via VPN to monitor or manage the solution, creating security risks and management hurdles.
  3. Most environmental monitoring systems don’t easily integrate with other remote management tools, leaving administrators with a disjointed patchwork of platforms to wrestle with.

The ideal data center environmental monitoring solution

The Nodegrid data center environmental monitoring platform overcomes these challenges with a combination of out-of-band management, cloud-based software, and a vendor-agnostic architecture.

Nodegrid environmental sensors work with Nodegrid serial consoles to provide remote teams with a virtual presence in the data center. These devices create an instant out-of-band network that uses a dedicated internet connection to provide continuous remote access to all connected sensors and infrastructure. This network doesn’t rely on the primary ISP or production network resources, giving administrators a lifeline to monitor and recover remote data center devices during an outage. The addition of Nodegrid Data Lake also allows teams to collect environmental monitoring data, discover trends and insights, and create better automation to address issues.

Nodegrid’s data center environmental monitoring and infrastructure management software is available on-premises or in the cloud, allowing teams to access critical equipment and respond to alerts from anywhere in the world. Plus, all Nodegrid hardware and software is vendor-neutral, supporting seamless integrations with third-party tools for automation, security, and more.

Schedule a free Nodegrid demo to see our data center environmental sensors and vendor-neutral management platform in action!

American Water Cyberattack: Another Wake-Up Call for Critical Infrastructure

Industrial water treatment plant with water
The October 2024 cyberattack on American Water, one of the largest water and wastewater utility companies in the U.S., signals yet another wake-up call for critical infrastructure security. Because millions of people rely on this critical service for safe drinking water and sanitation, this attack highlights why it’s so important to address cyber vulnerabilities.

Let’s trace the timeline of the attack, how it likely started, and the best practice architecture that could have mitigated or prevented the American Water cyberattack.

Timeline of the October 2024 American Water Cyberattack

  • Initial Intrusion (October 5, 2024)
    The attack on American Water was first detected in early October, when cybersecurity monitoring tools flagged suspicious activity within the company’s IT systems. Employees reported an unusual system slowdown, and automated alerts indicated possible unauthorized access.
  • Rapid Escalation (October 6-7, 2024)
    Within 24 hours of detection, the attackers had moved deeper into the company’s IT environment. In response, American Water initiated emergency protocols, including isolating key systems to prevent further damage. To contain the breach, critical operational technology (OT) systems — responsible for managing water treatment and distribution — were temporarily shut down
  • Public Notification and Response (October 8, 2024)
    American Water notified federal authorities, including the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), state regulators, and the public. The company reassured customers that water quality had not been compromised, but certain automated operations had been affected, leading to temporary disruptions in water distribution.
  • Ongoing Recovery (October 2024 – Present)
    As the investigation continued, third-party cybersecurity firms were brought in to assess the extent of the breach and assist in recovery. Manual operations were implemented in areas where automated systems were impacted. While the threat was contained, the company faced a lengthy process of system restoration and reconfiguration.

Impact of the Attack

The impact of the American Water cyberattack appears minimal. A class-action lawsuit was recently filed seeking $5-million in damages on behalf of affected customers, but this is the typical fallout that results from a breach. American Water did not shut down any treatment plants, and although they were forced to temporarily shut down their customer portal, pause billing, and revert to some manual processes, there were no water contamination or public health risks that came out of the attack. Per American Water’s FAQ page, it seems business is nearly back to normal.

However, this shouldn’t diminish the need for utilities providers to shore-up their defenses and ensure resilience of their IT architectures. The Oldsmar, Florida incident is an example of how an error or breach can change water treatment chemistry (in this case, adding too much lye to the water supply) and poison a population. There have also been many attempts by U.S. adversaries in which attackers were able to change water chemistry or disrupt automated operations.

Government agencies like the EPA have been warning that attacks on water treatment utilities are increasing. Lawmakers are also calling for inspections of IT systems, such as to ensure best practices are being followed for managing passwords and keeping remote access from Internet exposure, and considering civil and criminal penalties for those who don’t comply.

How the Attack Likely Happened

The American Water cyberattack is still under investigation. Specifics of how it occurred haven’t been released, but several likely scenarios have emerged based on trends in similar attacks:

  • Phishing or Social Engineering:
    Employees may have unknowingly opened a malicious email attachment or clicked a harmful link, allowing attackers access to the internal network, similar to 2023’s Ragnar Locker attacks. Water utilities and other public services often have large workforces, which makes them susceptible to phishing campaigns.
  • Ransomware:
    There are indications that ransomware may have encrypted key files and systems, similar to what happened during the MGM hack. Ransomware attacks on critical infrastructure have increased in recent years, with attackers locking companies out of their own data and demanding payment to restore access.
  • IT/OT Integration Vulnerabilities:
    Water utilities often rely on a hybrid network where both information technology (IT) systems and operational technology (OT) systems are integrated to monitor and control water purification, distribution, and wastewater management. While this setup improves efficiency, it can also create additional vulnerabilities if the two environments are not properly segregated. Once attackers gain access to the IT network, they can use it as a bridge to reach OT systems, which are typically less secure.
  • Internet-Facing Systems:
    In the past, the Chinese-sponsored hacker group Volt Typhoon took advantage of firewalls that were connected both to the internet and to critical control systems. This approach also takes advantage of a lack of control plane segregation, as hackers can remote-in via internet-facing systems and gain management access to critical systems.

The Solution: Isolated Management Infrastructure (IMI)

As with the global CrowdStrike outage, the most important takeaway from the American Water cyberattack is that organizations need the ability to recover fast. Remote access solutions help with this, but it matters how these solutions are architected and which capabilities they offer.

The traditional approach is to gain remote access via a direct link to the affected systems. The problem with this is that when these systems are breached, encrypted, or offline, it’s impossible to remote-into them. This requires teams to physically connect to and revive systems (as with the CrowdStrike incident), or worse – completely replace their infrastructure, as Merck did during the 2017 NotPetya breach.

Traditional remote management via direct link
Instead, organizations are turning to a best practice architecture that has been used by hyperscalers and large enterprises for years. This solution is called Isolated Management Infrastructure. IMI creates a management network that is connected to but completely independent of production network equipment, an architecture that resembles out-of-band (OOB) management. This gives teams a lifeline to their main IT and OT systems, including servers, switches, sensors, controllers, and other critical assets, even when their main systems are offline.
IMI is a lifeline to production assets

Here’s how IMI and out-of-band management could have helped mitigate the effects of the American Water attack:

  • Enhanced Containment: By isolating the network used for system control and monitoring, OOB management could have ensured that even if the primary network was compromised, attackers would not have been able to access or disable key operational systems. This would have limited the need to shut down OT systems and prevented widespread operational disruption.
  • Faster Recovery: With isolated management infrastructure, administrators would have been able to access critical systems remotely, even during the attack. This capability enables faster diagnosis of the issue and restoration of services without relying on compromised networks. In the case of a ransomware attack, for example, OOB management can help initiate recovery operations from backups, minimizing downtime.
  • Reduced Attack Surface: By creating an independent network with fewer access points and stricter controls, OOB infrastructure reduces the chances of attackers exploiting vulnerabilities. It’s an additional layer of security that complicates attempts to breach sensitive control systems.
IMI with Nodegrid2

30-year cybersecurity expert James Cabe recently published a walkthrough of how to do this. Read his article, What to do if you’re ransomware’d, to see how to deploy the Gartner-recommended Isolated Recovery Environment that lets you fight through an active attack.

Get the Blueprint for Building IMI

The American Water cyberattack is another wake-up call for critical infrastructure providers to rethink their cybersecurity strategies. Isolated Management Infrastructure is the key approach to retaining control during an attack, but requires the robust capabilities of Generation 3 out-of-band to ensure rapid recovery. To help utilities and essential services fortify their infrastructure, ZPE Systems recently created a blueprint for building IMI. Download the blueprint now to follow the best practices architecture and become resilient against cyberattacks.

Network Virtualization Platforms: Benefits & Best Practices

Network Virtualization Platforms: Benefits & Best Practices

Simulated network virtualization platforms overlaying physical network infrastructure.

Network virtualization decouples network functions, services, and workflows from the underlying hardware infrastructure and delivers them as software. In the same way that server virtualization makes data centers more scalable and cost-effective, network virtualization helps companies streamline network deployment and management while reducing hardware expenses.

This guide describes several types of network virtualization platforms before discussing the benefits of virtualization and the best practices for improving efficiency, scalability, and ROI.

What do network virtualization platforms do?

There are three forms of network virtualization that are achieved with different types of platforms. These include:

Type of Virtualization Description Examples of Platforms
Virtual Local Area Networking (VLAN) Creates an abstraction layer over physical local networking infrastructure so the company can segment the network into multiple virtual networks without installing additional hardware.

SolarWinds Network Configuration Manager

ManageEngine Network Configuration Manager

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Decouples network routing and control functions from the actual data packets so that IT teams can deploy and orchestrate workflows across multiple devices and VLANs from one centralized platform.

Meraki

Juniper

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) Separates network functions like routing, switching, and load balancing from the underlying hardware so teams can deploy them as virtual machines (VMs) and use fewer physical devices.

Red Hat OpenStack

VMware vCloud NFV

While network virtualization is primarily concerned with software, it still requires a physical network infrastructure to serve as the foundation for the abstraction layer (just like server virtualization still requires hardware in the data center or cloud to run hypervisor software). Additionally, the virtualization software itself needs storage or compute resources to run, either on a server/hypervisor or built-in to a networking device like a router or switch. Sometimes, this hardware is also referred to as a network virtualization platform.

The benefits of network virtualization

Virtualizing network services and workflows with VLANs, SDN, and NFVs can help companies:

  • Improve operational efficiency with automation. Network virtualization enables the use of scripts, playbooks, and software to automate workflows and configurations. Network automation boosts productivity so teams can get more work done with fewer resources.
  • Accelerate network deployments and scaling. Legacy deployments involve configuring and installing dedicated boxes for each function. Virtualized network functions and configurations can be deployed in minutes and infinitely copied to get new sites up and running in a fraction of the time.
  • Reduce network infrastructure costs. Decoupling network functions, services, and workflows from the underlying hardware means you can run multiple functions from once device, saving money and space.
  • Strengthen network security. Virtualization makes it easier to micro-segment the network and implement precise, targeted Zero-Trust security controls to protect sensitive and valuable assets.

Network virtualization platform best practices

Following these best practices when selecting and implementing network virtualization platforms can help companies achieve the benefits described above while reducing hassle.

Vendor neutrality

Ensuring that the virtualization software works with the underlying hardware is critical. The struggle is that many organizations use devices from multiple vendors, which makes interoperability a challenge. Rather than using different virtualization platforms for each vendor, or replacing perfectly good devices with ones that are all from the same vendor, it’s much easier and more cost-effective to use virtualization software that interoperates with any networking hardware. This type of software is called ‘vendor neutral.’

To improve efficiency even more, companies can use vendor-neutral networking hardware to host their virtualization software. Doing so eliminates the need for a dedicated server, allowing SDN software and virtualized network functions (VNFs) to run directly from a serial console or router that’s already in use. This significantly consolidates deployments, which saves  money and reduces the amount of space needed This can be a lifesaver in branch offices, retail stores, manufacturing sites, and other locations with limited space.

A diagram showing how multiple VNFs can run on a single vendor-neutral platform.

Virtualizing the WAN

We’ve mostly discussed virtualization in a local networking context, but it can also be extended to the WAN (wide area network). For example, SD-WAN (software-defined wide area networking) streamlines and automates the management of WAN infrastructure and workflows. WAN gateway routing functions can also be virtualized as VNFs that are deployed and controlled independently of the physical WAN gateway, significantly accelerating new branch launches.

Unifying network orchestration

The best way to maximize network management efficiency is to consolidate the orchestration of all virtualization with a single, vendor-neutral platform. For example, the Nodegrid solution from ZPE Systems uses vendor-neutral hardware and software to give networking teams a single platform to host, deploy, monitor, and control all virtualized workflows and devices. Nodegrid streamlines network virtualization with:

  • An open, x86-64bit Linux-based architecture that can run other vendors’ software, VNFs, and even Docker containers to eliminate the need for dedicated virtualization appliances.
  • Multi-functional hardware devices that combine gateway routing, switching, out-of-band serial console management, and more to further consolidate network deployments.
  • Vendor-neutral orchestration software, available in on-premises or cloud form, that provides unified control over both physical and virtual infrastructure across all deployment sites for a convenient management experience.

Want to see vendor-neutral network orchestration in action?

Nodegrid unifies network virtualization platforms and workflows to boost productivity while reducing infrastructure costs. Schedule a free demo to experience the benefits of vendor-neutral network orchestration firsthand.

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